docker

解决下载慢的问题

更换国内源，如果基于ubuntu(20.04, 22.04)的镜像

# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
FROM ubuntu:20.04

RUN sed -i s@/archive.ubuntu.com/@/mirrors.aliyun.com/@g /etc/apt/sources.list && \
    apt-get clean && \
    apt-get update && \
    apt-get upgrade -y && \
    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    curl \
    vim

如果是python或者go

# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
FROM python:3.10.2-bullseye

# 安装方便调试的工具
RUN echo "" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
    echo "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable main contrib non-free">>/etc/apt/sources.list && \
    echo "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free">>/etc/apt/sources.list && \
    apt-get clean && \
    apt-get update && \
    apt-get upgrade -y && \
    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    curl \
    vim

# pip更换国内源
RUN pip3 config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple \
    && pip3 config set install.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

alpine(用apk add)

RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apk/repositories

或者

RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apk/repositories

node.js

RUN npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com

gui

在主机安装X11软件, Centos 7/8

yum -y install xorg-x11-xauth

Docker实践(第2版) 技巧29 在Docker里运行GUI

分两种场景

在本地Linux启动docker的GUI

以 core 为例，启动容器的命令

sudo docker run -itd --name core -e DISPLAY -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix:rw --privileged core

这里从主机挂载了X11图形化软件，GUI需要的环境变量: DISPLAY 。 DISPLAY是显示器名称

本地远程服务器使用docker exec的GUI(不推荐)

如果是Win系统，先下载Xming, 然后参考博客 https://blog.csdn.net/ywxuan/article/details/118462658

docker run -itd --name core --net=host -e DISPLAY -v $HOME/.Xauthority:/root/.Xauthority -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix:rw -v /opt/core:/opt/core --privileged core

关键参数: --net=host -e DISPLAY -v $HOME/.Xauthority:/root/.Xauthority -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix:rw

注意, 每次XShell重新连接，都要重启容器，然后进入容器修改DISPLAY的值跟宿主机的一致，才能打开图形化界面软件。因为这个过程挺繁琐的，所以不推荐这种方法。

本地ssh直接容器，然后打开GUI(推荐)

运行容器

docker run --net=host --name gui image_name

对于Linux系统, 关键参数只有 --net=host (Win系统不支持 --net=host), 不要挂载主机的 /.Xauthority 和 /tmp/.X11-unix ,可能会产生冲突

容器启动ssh服务允许远程连接, 参考本地远程连接服务器的容器
ssh连接容器, 假设端口号为222

当然，还有一种情况是服务器没有开放222端口，这时可以先加上-X参数ssh连接服务器, 然后服务器上再用-X参数ssh连接容器, 这样也能达到一样的效果。

Unix系统 假设本机是Ubuntu系统，并且装好了图形化软件

ssh -X root@host -p 222
apt-get install xarclock
xarclock

Win系统

用powershell连接到容器, 打开powershell设置DISPLAY

PS C:\Users\39713> setx DISPLAY "localhost:0.0"

重启powershell让DISPLAY生效, 输出DISPLAY

PS C:\Users\39713> $env:DISPLAY
localhost:0.0

有值代表设置成功

远程连接容器并打开GUI软件

PS C:\Users\39713> ssh -Y root@host -p 222

root@iZwz9ivwxya29whzkf6aejZ:~# apt-get install xarclock
root@iZwz9ivwxya29whzkf6aejZ:~# xarclock

注意，-X是关键参数, 允许X11转发

多阶段构建

# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
FROM python:3.10.4-bullseye as Build

# 声明维护人员 https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#label
LABEL maintainer="lzx" \
      email="397132445@qq.com"

RUN pip3 config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple && \
    pip3 config set install.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

RUN pip3 install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip

COPY server/requirements.txt requirements.txt

RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt

FROM python:3.10.4-slim-bullseye

# 设置中国时区 —— Docker实践(第2版) - 技巧25
RUN rm -rf /etc/localtime
RUN ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

RUN echo " " > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
    echo "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable main contrib non-free">>/etc/apt/sources.list && \
    echo "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free">>/etc/apt/sources.list && \
    apt-get clean && \
    apt-get update && \
    apt-get upgrade -y && \
    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    libxml2  \
    ssh

# libxml2 -> uwsgi, ssh -> fabric

COPY --from=Build /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages
COPY --from=Build /usr/local/bin/uwsgi /usr/local/bin/uwsgi
COPY --from=Build /usr/local/bin/pytest /usr/local/bin/pytest

RUN pip3 config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple && \
    pip3 config set install.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

WORKDIR /code

COPY doc ./doc
COPY server ./server
COPY tests ./tests

RUN mkdir "/var/log/uwsgi"

WORKDIR server

EXPOSE 9090

# ENTRYPOINT [ "uwsgi", "--ini", "uwsgi.ini"]