docker
*********************************

解决下载慢的问题
===============================

更换国内源，如果基于ubuntu(20.04, 22.04)的镜像

.. code:: dockerfile

   # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
   FROM ubuntu:20.04

   RUN sed -i s@/archive.ubuntu.com/@/mirrors.aliyun.com/@g /etc/apt/sources.list && \
       apt-get clean && \
       apt-get update && \
       apt-get upgrade -y && \
       apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
       curl \
       vim

如果是python或者go

.. code:: dockerfile

   # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
   FROM python:3.10.2-bullseye

   # 安装方便调试的工具
   RUN echo "" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
       echo "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable main contrib non-free">>/etc/apt/sources.list && \
       echo "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free">>/etc/apt/sources.list && \
       apt-get clean && \
       apt-get update && \
       apt-get upgrade -y && \
       apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
       curl \
       vim

   # pip更换国内源
   RUN pip3 config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple \
       && pip3 config set install.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

alpine(用apk add)
---------------------------------

.. code:: dockerfile

   RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apk/repositories

或者

.. code:: dockerfile

   RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apk/repositories

node.js
-----------------------------------

.. code:: dockerfile

   RUN npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com

gui
========================================

在主机安装X11软件, Centos 7/8

.. code:: text

   yum -y install xorg-x11-xauth

..

   Docker实践(第2版) 技巧29 在Docker里运行GUI

分两种场景

**在本地Linux启动docker的GUI**

以 `core <https://coreemu.github.io/core/>`__ 为例，启动容器的命令

.. code:: text

   sudo docker run -itd --name core -e DISPLAY -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix:rw --privileged core

这里从主机挂载了X11图形化软件，GUI需要的环境变量: DISPLAY 。
DISPLAY是显示器名称

**本地远程服务器使用docker exec的GUI(不推荐)**

如果是Win系统，先下载Xming, 然后参考博客
https://blog.csdn.net/ywxuan/article/details/118462658

.. code:: text

   docker run -itd --name core --net=host -e DISPLAY -v $HOME/.Xauthority:/root/.Xauthority -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix:rw -v /opt/core:/opt/core --privileged core

关键参数:
``--net=host -e DISPLAY -v $HOME/.Xauthority:/root/.Xauthority -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix:rw``

注意,
每次XShell重新连接，都要重启容器，然后进入容器修改DISPLAY的值跟宿主机的一致，才能打开图形化界面软件。因为这个过程挺繁琐的，所以不推荐这种方法。

**本地ssh直接容器，然后打开GUI(推荐)**

1. 运行容器

.. code:: text

   docker run --net=host --name gui image_name

对于Linux系统, 关键参数只有 ``--net=host`` (Win系统不支持
``--net=host``), 不要挂载主机的 /.Xauthority 和 /tmp/.X11-unix
,可能会产生冲突

2. 容器启动ssh服务允许远程连接, 参考
   `本地远程连接服务器的容器 </go-blog/docker/#本地远程连接服务器的容器>`__
3. ssh连接容器, 假设端口号为222

当然，还有一种情况是服务器没有开放222端口，这时可以先加上-X参数ssh连接服务器,
然后服务器上再用-X参数ssh连接容器, 这样也能达到一样的效果。

**Unix系统** 假设本机是Ubuntu系统，并且装好了图形化软件

.. code:: text

   ssh -X root@host -p 222
   apt-get install xarclock
   xarclock

**Win系统**

用powershell连接到容器, 打开powershell设置DISPLAY

.. code:: text

   PS C:\Users\39713> setx DISPLAY "localhost:0.0"

重启powershell让DISPLAY生效, 输出DISPLAY

.. code:: text

   PS C:\Users\39713> $env:DISPLAY
   localhost:0.0

有值代表设置成功

远程连接容器并打开GUI软件

.. code:: text

   PS C:\Users\39713> ssh -Y root@host -p 222

.. code:: text

   root@iZwz9ivwxya29whzkf6aejZ:~# apt-get install xarclock
   root@iZwz9ivwxya29whzkf6aejZ:~# xarclock

注意，-X是关键参数, 允许X11转发

多阶段构建
=====================================

.. code-block:: docker

    # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
    FROM python:3.10.4-bullseye as Build

    # 声明维护人员 https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#label
    LABEL maintainer="lzx" \
          email="397132445@qq.com"

    RUN pip3 config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple && \
        pip3 config set install.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

    RUN pip3 install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip

    COPY server/requirements.txt requirements.txt

    RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt

    FROM python:3.10.4-slim-bullseye

    # 设置中国时区 —— Docker实践(第2版) - 技巧25
    RUN rm -rf /etc/localtime
    RUN ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

    RUN echo " " > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
        echo "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable main contrib non-free">>/etc/apt/sources.list && \
        echo "deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free">>/etc/apt/sources.list && \
        apt-get clean && \
        apt-get update && \
        apt-get upgrade -y && \
        apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        libxml2  \
        ssh

    # libxml2 -> uwsgi, ssh -> fabric

    COPY --from=Build /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages
    COPY --from=Build /usr/local/bin/uwsgi /usr/local/bin/uwsgi
    COPY --from=Build /usr/local/bin/pytest /usr/local/bin/pytest

    RUN pip3 config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple && \
        pip3 config set install.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

    WORKDIR /code

    COPY doc ./doc
    COPY server ./server
    COPY tests ./tests

    RUN mkdir "/var/log/uwsgi"

    WORKDIR server

    EXPOSE 9090

    # ENTRYPOINT [ "uwsgi", "--ini", "uwsgi.ini"]